三、不定式的逻辑主语
不定式的逻辑主语表明不定式或不定式短语的动作发出者,以下三种情况是不定式的逻辑主语。
(一)句子主语
例句 : There may be more matches in the database;job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. (选自2004年Text 1)
分析: 该句是三个并列句。第三个分句表示强调,完整形式应是they do visit the site again。
译文: 数据库可能还有更多匹配的职位,求职者将不得不再次访问网站他们也确实这样做。
(二)句子宾语
例句: From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
(选自2004年Text 4)
分析: 该句是复合句。says Hofstadter作插入语,that smells of elitism是修饰anything的定语从句。
译文: 霍夫斯坦特说,自美国历史之初,(美国的)民主化和大众化冲动就驱使着(美国人)排斥一切精英文化的东西。
(三)由for+名词(或代词宾格)引出
例句: If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. (选自2002年Text 1)
分析: 该句是复合句。主句为and连接的两个并列句you will be in...all of you和it?ll be appropriate...in ties,第一个定语从句which you are addressing修饰group,另一个定语从句which are common to all of you修饰experiences and problems。
译文: 如果你是你的听众群体中的一员,你就会了解你们所有人的共同经历和问题,你就可以随心所欲地评论食堂的饭菜难吃,或是评论领导选领带的品位极差。
四、不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式常在不定式前加否定词not。
例句: But big dams tend not to work as intended. (选自1998年Text 1)
分析: 该句是简单句。as intended在句中作状语,其完整形式为as they are intended,they 指代dams。
译文: 但是,巨型水坝往往不像设计的那样发挥功效。
例句: They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child.
(选自2007年Part B)
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 他们必须避免表现出对自己的孩子感到失望。
五、接不定式作宾语的动词
afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, claim, choose, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, guarantee, pretend, happen, hope, learn, mean, intend, manage, offer, plan, prepare, want, refuse, promise, resolve, seek, strive, swear, threaten, undertake, volunteer, help, wish, fail等。
例句: Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street. (选自2006年Use of English)
分析: 该句是复合句。定语从句that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night修饰a shelter。主句中包含spend...(in) doing句型。
译文: 即使无家可归人员能设法找到一个临时的避身之处,一日三餐齐全,晚上有睡觉之地,但仍有很多人每天大部分时间流落街头。
例句: Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.
分析: 该句是并列句。从句并列六个谓语动词,主句并列四个宾语。
译文: 智力力图理解、把握、排序和调节,而学识力求审视、沉思、探究、理论、批评和想象。
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