温故知新-回顾阅读理解六大题型

2016-11-18 | 网络

查字典公务员考研英语研究院刘真真

一、阅读理解六大题型

1、根据考研大纲对考生考研能力的要求，我们可以将考研阅读理解的题型分为以下六种：

(1)、要求考生具备把握文章主旨要义的能力主旨大意题

(2)、要求考生具备进行有关推理引申判断的能力推理引申题

(3)、要求考生具备区分论点论据的能力例证题

(4)、要求考生具备根据语境猜测生词难句的能力词义句意题

(5)、要求考生具备理解作者的(意图、观点、或)态度的能力情感态度题

(6)、要求考生具备理解具体信息和概念性含义的能力细节题

2、解题技巧回顾

题型一：主旨大意题

(1)找反复出现的普通表达(同一词/同义词)

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

22. Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women

23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be

24. The sentence I lived from paycheck to paycheck. (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

(2)重视首题题干(2007 text3)

31. Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in that

32. As a result of President Bushs reform, retired people may have

33. According to the author, health-savings plans will

34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?

[A] The Middle Class on the Alert

[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff

[C] The Middle Class in Conflict

[D] The Middle Class in Ruins

(3)回归到文章中去，3个思路：

一个结论：

学术性议论文的两个特点：

抛砖引玉引出文章中心

In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.

The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, todays people especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they arent likely to get any taller. In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, weve pretty much gone as far as we can go, says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to

[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.

[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..

[C] compare different generations of NBA players.

[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.

35. The text intends to tell us that

[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.

[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.

[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.

[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.

文章首段使用转折引出文章中心

文章首段的首末句为文章中心

题型二：推理引申题

(1)推理引申题干中包含标志词： Infer, imply, learn, suggest, indicate

(2)分类：

段落推理引申题 (2005 Text1)

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

25、What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

C. Animals usually shoe their feelings openly as humans do.

D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

细节推理引申题(2008年text3)

Genetic maximums can change, but dont expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, you could use todays data and feel fairly confident.

34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future

[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.

[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.

[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.

[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.

题型三：例证题

题干中关键词：The story/ example/case of...is used to show/ illustrate/ demonstrate...

做法：

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.

57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that ________.

[A] medical resources are often wasted

[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases

[C] some treatments are too aggressive

[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable

题型四：词义句意题

五大逻辑关系：

题型五：情感态度题

可以表达的态度：

正态度：

中态度：

负态度：

不可以表达的态度：

歧视、偏见不平等

冷漠、不关心、不感兴趣以及关心、感兴趣

迷惑、不清楚

情感态度过于强烈/过于肯定、过于否定

Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights. (2006年text2)

30、From the text we can conclude that the author ________.

[A] is supportive of both sides

[B] favors the townsfolks view

[C] takes a detached attitude

[D] is sympathetic to the RSC

题型六：细节题

做法：定位

自然段定位法：题文同序原则

题干中的关键词

选项中的关键词

成功总是青睐于有准备的人，如果你脚踏实地的付出了，请相信命运一定会给你应得的惊喜。一分耕耘一分收获，考研路，查字典公务员与您同行!为了方便考生们更好的复习，查字典公务员考研特为广大学子推出冲刺集训营、VIP一对一系列备考课程，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析，欢迎各位考生了解咨询。同时，查字典公务员考研一直为大家推出考研直播课堂，足不出户就可以边听课边学习，为大家的考研梦想助力!